Attesting to the ever-increasing presence and influence of Islamism is the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). As a newfangled theocracy, ISIL is a constant source of inversions and shockwaves. This book looks in depth at the worldviews that have shaped public policies and law in the 21st-century world of Islam. At the heart of the book is the question of whether religious and political philosophies of contemporary Islamic regimes are compatible with human rights originating from the secular tradition of the West. Islamism, Statehood and Human Rights contributes to the ongoing universalist-relativist debate in international relations and law. It examines two different worlds with competing perspectives on international human rights: firstly, a world where all humans are, by nature, entitled to human rights, and secondly, a world where religious identity is a requirement for human rights. The former world of entitlement usually consists of secular societies where efforts are consistently made to ensure the separation of church and state. In the latter world however, there is a hypostatic union between church and state. Political and legal authority is stamped on the minds of citizens or subjects through religion. Rights, as some theocrats believe, are divinely ordained and ascribed to members of a given community of faith. Informing the interdisciplinary research is a spirited desire for ethnographic understanding in multicultural societies and for peaceful co-existence within modern multi-religious states, which are often divided and threatened, not only by religion, but also by the manipulation of laws derived from religiously based traditions. The book accordingly investigates and analyzes how law, politics, and religion interact in such local and international public arenas