Innovation and incentives
- ISBN: 9780262693431
- Editorial: The MIT Press
- Fecha de la edición: 2006
- Lugar de la edición: Cambridge (Massachusetts). Estados Unidos de Norteamérica
- Colección: Economics. Intellectual Property
- Encuadernación: Rústica
- Medidas: 22 cm
- Nº Pág.: 354
- Idiomas: Inglés
Interest in intellectual property and other institutions that promote innovation exploded during the 1990s. "Innovation and Incentives" provides a clear and wide-ranging introduction to the economics of innovation, suitable for teaching at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. It will also be useful to legal and economics professionals. Written by an expert on intellectual property and industrial organisation, the book achieves a balanced mix of institutional details, examples, and theory. Analytical, empirical, or institutional factors can be given different emphases at different levels of study. "Innovation and Incentives" presents the historical, legal, and institutional contexts in which innovation takes place. After a historical overview of the institutions that support innovation, the book discusses knowledge as a public good, the economic design of intellectual property, different models of cumulative innovation, the relation of competition to licensing and joint ventures, patent and copyright enforcement and litigation, private/public funding relationships, patent values and the return on R&D investment, intellectual property issues arising from direct and indirect network externalities, and globalization. The text presents technical and abstract analysis and at the same time sheds light on current controversies and policy-relevant topics, including the difficulty of enforcing copyright in the digital age and international protection of intellectual property.
Preface ix
Institutions: A Brief Excursion through History
1 (30)
Stephen M. Maurer
The Ancients
3 (4)
In Between: Monasteries, Guilds, and Universities
7 (1)
Early Modern Europe: Patents, Prizes, and Patrons
8 (3)
Patents Come into Their Own
11 (3)
Modern Patrons: Foundations
14 (2)
Big Science and the Growth of Government Funding
16 (5)
Modern Hybrid Institutions
21 (6)
Conclusion
27 (4)
Investing in Knowledge
31 (34)
Intellectual Property: Tolls on the Information Highway
34 (5)
Ideas and Innovations
39 (2)
Prizes
41 (5)
Choosing among Ideas
46 (1)
Contests
47 (6)
Efficient Investments in Knowledge
53 (5)
Summary
58 (1)
Technical Notes
59 (6)
A Primer for Nonlawyers on Intellectual Property
65 (32)
Stephen M. Maurer
Patents
66 (10)
Copyright
76 (3)
Trade Secrets
79 (2)
Miscellaneous Rights
81 (1)
The Problem of Disclosure
82 (2)
Breadth and the Required Inventive Step
84 (4)
Intellectual Property and Antitrust
88 (4)
Technical Note: Doing Legal Research
92 (5)
On the Optimal Design of Intellectual Property
97 (30)
How Profitable Should Intellectual Property Rights Be?
98 (5)
Breadth as a Policy Lever
103 (4)
Structuring the Profit: Length and Breadth
107 (5)
Some Virtues and Defects of Patent Races
112 (2)
The Role of Exemptions
114 (3)
The Problem of One-Size-Fits-All
117 (2)
Technical Notes
119 (8)
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Protecting Cumulative Innovators
127 (34)
Three Types of Cumulativeness
132 (3)
Basic and Applied Research
135 (7)
Research Tools
142 (4)
Quality Ladders
146 (3)
Breadth and Inventive Step on a Quality Ladder
149 (3)
Prospecting
152 (4)
Summary
156 (5)
Licensing, Joint Ventures, and Competition Policy
161 (36)
Licensing for Productive Efficiency
162 (7)
Competition Policy in the Innovation Context
169 (3)
Ex Ante Mergers and R&D Joint Ventures
172 (3)
Ex Post Mergers and Patent Pools
175 (5)
Collective Rights Management Organizations and Compulsory Licensing
180 (5)
Licensing versus Sale of Protected Works
185 (2)
Technical Notes
187 (10)
Litigation and Enforcement
197 (30)
Evidence on Litigation
201 (5)
Remedies for Infringement and How They Matter
206 (6)
Enforcement of Copyrights by Technical Protection Measures
212 (7)
Limited Sharing of Copyrighted Works
219 (8)
Innovation Today: A Private-Public Partnership
227 (32)
Stephen M. Maurer
The Tangled Web of Funding Relationships
228 (7)
University Innovation
235 (5)
Government Innovation
240 (2)
Mixed Private-Public Incentives
242 (5)
The Government Grant Process
247 (5)
The Virtues of Open Science
252 (2)
Technical Note: Disclosure and Expected Time to Discovery
254 (5)
The Value of R&D and Patents
259 (30)
R&D and Productivity Growth
263 (7)
Patent Data and the Private Value of R&D Spending
270 (5)
The Skewed Distribution of Patent Values
275 (7)
Summary
282 (7)
Networks and Network Effects
289 (30)
Direct Network Benefits
292 (6)
Systems Competition and Proprietary Interfaces
298 (7)
Physical Networks: The Internet
305 (4)
Physical Networks: Cell Phones
309 (3)
Technical Notes
312 (7)
Innovation in the Global Economy
319 (32)
Trade Policy and Treaties
320 (5)
National Treatment and Efficient Protection
325 (4)
Country-Level Optimal Protection
329 (7)
National Autonomy and Protected Subject Matters
336 (3)
Intellectual Property and the Public Domain
339 (4)
National Autonomy and Trade Rules
343 (2)
Externalities and International Cooperation
345 (1)
Conclusion
346 (5)
Index 351
