Leading international economists discuss how and why institutions influence growth. This work talks about the empirical and theoretical studies that provide an overview and contribute to the current research. The determinants of economic growth and development are hotly debated among economists. Financial crises and failed transition experiments have highlighted the fact that functioning institutions are fundamental to the goal of achieving economic growth. The growth literature has seen an abundance of empirical studies on the influence of institutions and the mechanisms by which institutions affect development. This CESifo volume provides a systematic overview of the current literature on the impact of institutions on growth. The contributors, all internationally prominent economists, consider theoretical and empirical relationships between institutions and growth. Concepts covered include "appropriate institutions" (the idea that different institutional arrangements are appropriate at different stages of economic development), liberalised credit markets, the influence of institutions on productivity, institutional and regulatory reforms in the OECD, the role of innovation and entrepreneurship on growth (including an analysis of patent activity in the US from 1790 to 1930), the endogeneity of institutions as seen in the recruitment of elites by higher education institutions, the effect of economic development on transitions to democracy, and technology adoption in agriculture.