As awareness of globalization grows, so too does our need to understand it historically. This volume is one of few to consider globalization in the context of the history of international trade: its eleven papers explore how the process of globalization can be measured by the long-term integration of markets; what trends and questions develop as markets converge and diverge; what roles technology and geography play; the effect of globalization on inequality and social justice; and the roles of political institutions in responding to such injustices. INDICE I. THE RISE AND FALL (AND RISE) OF MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Commodity Market Integration, 1500-2000 Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O'Rourke 2. International Migration and the Integration of Labor Markets Barry R. Chiswick and Timothy J. Hatton 3. Globalization and Capital Markets Maurice Obstfeld and Alan M. Taylor II. THE GREAT DIVERGENCE, GEOGRAPHY, AND TECHNOLOGY 4. Globalization and Convergence Steve Dowrick and J. Bradford DeLong 5. Does Globalization Make the World More Unequal? Peter H. Lindert and Jeffrey G. Williamson 6. Technology in the Great Divergence Gregory Clark and Robert C. Feenstra 7. Globalization in History: A Geographical Perspective Nicholas Crafts and Anthony J. Venables III. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, REGIMES, AND CRISES 8. Financial Systems, Economic Growth, and Globalization Peter L. Rousseau and Richard Sylla 9. Core, Periphery, Exchange Rate Regimes, and Globalization Michael D. Bordo and Marc Flandreau 10. Crises in the Global Economy from Tulips to Today: Contagion and Consequences Larry Neal and Marc Weidenmier 11. Monetary and Financial Reform in Two Eras of Globalization Barry Eichengreen and Harold James Globalization in Interdisciplinary Perspective: A Panel Clive Crock, The Economist