At the beginning of the 21st century, the environment and the future of development continue to be issues of crucial importance. Most explanations of environmental crisis emphasize the role of population growth, thus focusing their attention on the poor. By comparison, Liberation Ecologies elaborates a political- economic explanation drawing from the most recent advances in social theory. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect recent changes in debates over the real definitions of 'development' and 'environment', and contains nine completely new chapters. Contents: Preface Part 1: Renewing Political Ecology 1. Liberating Political Ecology Michael Watts and Richard Peet 2. The Political Ecology of Famine: The Origins of the Third World Mike Davis 3. Invisible Forests: The Political Ecology of Forest Resurgence in El Salvador Susanna B. Hecht Part 2: Discourse and Practice 4. Environmental Discourse on Soil Degradation in Bolivia: Sustainability and the Search for Socioenvironmental 'Middle Ground' Karl S. Zimmerer 5. Purity and Pollution: Racial Degradation and Environmental Anxieties Jake Kosek 6. Eco-governmentality and other Transnational Practices of a 'Green' World Bank Michael Goldman Part 3: Institutions and Governance 7. Nature- State-Territory: Toward a Critical Theorization of Conservation Enclosures Roderick P. Neumann 8. Water, Markets and Embedded Institutions in Western India Navroz K. Dubash 9. Transition Environments: Ecological and Social Challenges to Post-Socialist Industrial Development Dara O'Rourke Part 4: Conflict and Struggle 10. Violent Environments: Petroleum Conflict and The Political Ecology of Rule in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Michael Watts 11. Gender and Class Power in Agroforestry Systems: Case studies from Indonesia and West Africa Richard A. Schroeder and Krisnawati Suryanata 12. Gender Conflict in Gambian Wetlands Judith Carney Part 5: Movement 13. Environment, Indigeneity and Transnationalism Tania Murray Li 14. From